UNITED STATES · STATES · DRAFT
Texas
TXUnited States national overview in the World Factbook ↗
DRAFT · Dated statistical and subject baseline. Figures retain their individual reference years.
Introduction
Background ⓘ
Texas became an independent republic in 1836 before its annexation by the United States and admission to the Union.
Geography
Total area ⓘ
268,599.052 square miles (695,668.351 square kilometres) (2025)
Land area ⓘ
261,259.958 square miles (676,660.185 square kilometres) (2025)
Water area ⓘ
7,339.094 square miles (19,008.166 square kilometres) (2025)
Boundaries ⓘ
Texas shares boundaries with Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma.
People
Government
Economy
Median household income ⓘ
82,625 2025 USD ± 670 (90% confidence) (2025)
Per capita income ⓘ
43,008 2025 USD ± 282 (90% confidence) (2025)
People below poverty level ⓘ
3,944,498 people ± 84,245 (90% confidence) (2025)
Population with poverty status determined ⓘ
31,076,147 people ± 7,804 (90% confidence) (2025)
Poverty rate ⓘ
12.7% (2025)
Housing
National Park Service places
Places associated with this state or territory in the NPS directory.
- Alibates Flint Quarries National Monument ↗
- Amistad National Recreation Area ↗
- Big Bend National Park ↗
- Big Thicket National Preserve ↗
- Blackwell School National Historic Site ↗
- Chamizal National Memorial ↗
- Fort Davis National Historic Site ↗
- Guadalupe Mountains National Park ↗
- Lake Meredith National Recreation Area ↗
- Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park ↗
- Padre Island National Seashore ↗
- Palo Alto Battlefield National Historical Park ↗
- Rio Grande Wild and Scenic River ↗
- San Antonio Missions National Historical Park ↗
- Waco Mammoth National Monument ↗
Further reading
- Official government ↗
- USAFacts population profile ↗
Secondary presentation of Census data; not independent corroboration of Census estimates.
Source records
- Background
U.S. Census Bureau, Guide to 2010 State and Local Census Geography: Texas ↗
Reference period: Not supplied by source.
Retrieved: 2026-10-31.
- Total area
U.S. Census Bureau, 2025 National States Gazetteer ↗
Reference period: 2025. 2025 Gazetteer geography. Land and water area in square miles, published to three decimal places. Total is calculated as land plus water; territory boundaries are statistical geography.
Retrieved: 2026-10-31T17:11:28.1089007Z.
Original source value: 268,599.052 square miles.
- Land area
U.S. Census Bureau, 2025 National States Gazetteer ↗
Reference period: 2025. 2025 Gazetteer geography. Land and water area in square miles, published to three decimal places. Total is calculated as land plus water; territory boundaries are statistical geography.
Retrieved: 2026-10-31T17:11:28.1089007Z.
Original source value: 261,259.958 square miles.
- Water area
U.S. Census Bureau, 2025 National States Gazetteer ↗
Reference period: 2025. 2025 Gazetteer geography. Land and water area in square miles, published to three decimal places. Total is calculated as land plus water; territory boundaries are statistical geography.
Retrieved: 2026-10-31T17:11:28.1089007Z.
Original source value: 7,339.094 square miles.
- Boundaries
U.S. Census Bureau, Guide to 2010 State and Local Census Geography: Texas ↗
Reference period: Not supplied by source. Census Bureau bordering-state list; includes water boundaries and point contacts, where listed. The District of Columbia is a federal district.
Retrieved: 2026-10-31.
- Resident population
U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025 ↗
Reference period: 2025-07-01. July 1 resident population estimate; Vintage 2025. Includes all ages. Earlier vintages are revised by this release.
Retrieved: 2026-10-31T17:09:32.917713Z.
Original source value: 31,709,821 people.
- Resident population estimate, 2020
U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025 ↗
Reference period: 2020-07-01. July 1, 2020 resident population estimate from the same Vintage 2025 series; not the April 1 decennial census count.
Retrieved: 2026-10-31T17:09:32.917713Z.
Original source value: 29,237,895 people.
- Population change, 2020–2025
U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025 ↗
Reference period: 2020-07-01/2025-07-01. Calculated percentage change between July 1 population estimates in the same Vintage 2025 series.
Retrieved: 2026-10-31T17:09:32.917713Z.
Original source value: 8.45%.
- Capital
U.S. Census Bureau, Guide to 2010 State and Local Census Geography: Texas ↗
Reference period: Not supplied by source.
Retrieved: 2026-10-31.
- Statehood
Reference period: Not supplied by source. Admission to the Union upon approval of the admission resolution on December 29, 1845. The March 1, 1845 resolution was the earlier annexation proposal; the formal transfer of government followed on February 19, 1846.
Retrieved: 2026-10-31.
U.S. Census Bureau, Guide to 2010 State and Local Census Geography: Texas ↗
Texas State Library and Archives Commission, Narrative History of Texas Annexation ↗
- Median household income
U.S. Census Bureau, 2025 ACS 1-year, B19013 ↗
Reference period: 2025 ACS 1-year. Median household income in the past 12 months, in 2025 inflation-adjusted dollars. Universe: households. Sampling estimate; margin of error uses a 90% confidence level.
Retrieved: 2026-10-31T17:12:11.8995582Z.
Original source value: 82,625 2025 USD ± 670 (90% confidence).
- Per capita income
U.S. Census Bureau, 2025 ACS 1-year, B19301 ↗
Reference period: 2025 ACS 1-year. Per capita income in the past 12 months, in 2025 inflation-adjusted dollars. Universe: total population. Sampling estimate; margin of error uses a 90% confidence level.
Retrieved: 2026-10-31T17:12:16.6293232Z.
Original source value: 43,008 2025 USD ± 282 (90% confidence).
- People below poverty level
U.S. Census Bureau, 2025 ACS 1-year, B17001 ↗
Reference period: 2025 ACS 1-year. People whose income in the past 12 months was below the poverty level. Universe: population for whom poverty status is determined. Sampling estimate; margin of error uses a 90% confidence level.
Retrieved: 2026-10-31T17:12:16.8869346Z.
Original source value: 3,944,498 people ± 84,245 (90% confidence).
- Population with poverty status determined
U.S. Census Bureau, 2025 ACS 1-year, B17001 ↗
Reference period: 2025 ACS 1-year. Denominator for the poverty count. Excludes people for whom poverty status is not determined. Sampling estimate; margin of error uses a 90% confidence level.
Retrieved: 2026-10-31T17:12:16.8869346Z.
Original source value: 31,076,147 people ± 7,804 (90% confidence).
- Poverty rate
U.S. Census Bureau, 2025 ACS 1-year, B17001 ↗
Reference period: 2025 ACS 1-year. Calculated as B17001_E002 / B17001_E001 × 100. Population for whom poverty status is determined. Rounded to one decimal. Source counts and their 90% margins of error are retained as separate facts; a margin of error for this derived rate has not been calculated.
Retrieved: 2026-10-31T17:12:16.8869346Z.
Original source value: 12.7%.
- Housing units
U.S. Census Bureau, 2025 ACS 1-year, B25001 ↗
Reference period: 2025 ACS 1-year. Total housing units, occupied and vacant. ACS estimate; not the annual Population Estimates Program housing-unit series. Sampling estimate; margin of error uses a 90% confidence level.
Retrieved: 2026-10-31T17:12:17.0506096Z.
Original source value: 12,847,964 housing units ± 784 (90% confidence).