USUNITED STATES
Factbook

DRAFT · October 2026
A Factbook library volume

UNITED STATES · STATES · DRAFT

Ohio

OH

United States national overview in the World Factbook ↗

DRAFT · Dated statistical and subject baseline. Figures retain their individual reference years.

Introduction

Background ⓘ

Ohio developed from the Northwest Territory. Its history also includes the Connecticut Western Reserve, ceded by Connecticut in 1800.

Geography

Total area ⓘ

44,825.828 square miles (116,098.362 square kilometres) (2025)

Land area ⓘ

40,859.069 square miles (105,824.503 square kilometres) (2025)

Water area ⓘ

3,966.759 square miles (10,273.859 square kilometres) (2025)

Boundaries ⓘ

Ohio shares boundaries with Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Pennsylvania, West Virginia.

People

Resident population ⓘ

11,900,510 people (2025)

Resident population estimate, 2020 ⓘ

11,798,534 people (2020)

Population change, 2020–2025 ⓘ

0.86% (2025)

Government

Capital ⓘ

Columbus

Statehood ⓘ

March 1, 1803

Economy

Median household income ⓘ

74,804 2025 USD ± 615 (90% confidence) (2025)

Per capita income ⓘ

42,485 2025 USD ± 331 (90% confidence) (2025)

People below poverty level ⓘ

1,437,642 people ± 34,404 (90% confidence) (2025)

Population with poverty status determined ⓘ

11,598,494 people ± 6,268 (90% confidence) (2025)

Poverty rate ⓘ

12.4% (2025)

Housing

Housing units ⓘ

5,367,633 housing units ± 910 (90% confidence) (2025)

National Park Service places

Places associated with this state or territory in the NPS directory.

Further reading

Source records
  1. Background

    U.S. Census Bureau, Guide to 2010 State and Local Census Geography: Ohio ↗

    Reference period: Not supplied by source.

    Retrieved: 2026-10-31.

  2. Total area

    U.S. Census Bureau, 2025 National States Gazetteer ↗

    Reference period: 2025. 2025 Gazetteer geography. Land and water area in square miles, published to three decimal places. Total is calculated as land plus water; territory boundaries are statistical geography.

    Retrieved: 2026-10-31T17:11:28.1089007Z.

    Original source value: 44,825.828 square miles.

  3. Land area

    U.S. Census Bureau, 2025 National States Gazetteer ↗

    Reference period: 2025. 2025 Gazetteer geography. Land and water area in square miles, published to three decimal places. Total is calculated as land plus water; territory boundaries are statistical geography.

    Retrieved: 2026-10-31T17:11:28.1089007Z.

    Original source value: 40,859.069 square miles.

  4. Water area

    U.S. Census Bureau, 2025 National States Gazetteer ↗

    Reference period: 2025. 2025 Gazetteer geography. Land and water area in square miles, published to three decimal places. Total is calculated as land plus water; territory boundaries are statistical geography.

    Retrieved: 2026-10-31T17:11:28.1089007Z.

    Original source value: 3,966.759 square miles.

  5. Boundaries

    U.S. Census Bureau, Guide to 2010 State and Local Census Geography: Ohio ↗

    Reference period: Not supplied by source. Census Bureau bordering-state list; includes water boundaries and point contacts, where listed. The District of Columbia is a federal district.

    Retrieved: 2026-10-31.

  6. Resident population

    U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025 ↗

    Reference period: 2025-07-01. July 1 resident population estimate; Vintage 2025. Includes all ages. Earlier vintages are revised by this release.

    Retrieved: 2026-10-31T17:09:32.917713Z.

    Original source value: 11,900,510 people.

  7. Resident population estimate, 2020

    U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025 ↗

    Reference period: 2020-07-01. July 1, 2020 resident population estimate from the same Vintage 2025 series; not the April 1 decennial census count.

    Retrieved: 2026-10-31T17:09:32.917713Z.

    Original source value: 11,798,534 people.

  8. Population change, 2020–2025

    U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025 ↗

    Reference period: 2020-07-01/2025-07-01. Calculated percentage change between July 1 population estimates in the same Vintage 2025 series.

    Retrieved: 2026-10-31T17:09:32.917713Z.

    Original source value: 0.86%.

  9. Capital

    U.S. Census Bureau, Guide to 2010 State and Local Census Geography: Ohio ↗

    Reference period: Not supplied by source.

    Retrieved: 2026-10-31.

  10. Statehood

    Public Law 83-204, section 2, 67 Stat. 407 (August 7, 1953) ↗

    Reference period: Not supplied by source. Effective statehood date retroactively specified by section 2 of the joint resolution approved August 7, 1953. The February 19, 1803 act recognized Ohio as a state; March 1 is the date subsequently established by Congress.

    Retrieved: 2026-10-31.

    U.S. Census Bureau, Guide to 2010 State and Local Census Geography: Ohio ↗

    National Archives, 200th Anniversary of Ohio Statehood ↗

  11. Median household income

    U.S. Census Bureau, 2025 ACS 1-year, B19013 ↗

    Reference period: 2025 ACS 1-year. Median household income in the past 12 months, in 2025 inflation-adjusted dollars. Universe: households. Sampling estimate; margin of error uses a 90% confidence level.

    Retrieved: 2026-10-31T17:12:11.8995582Z.

    Original source value: 74,804 2025 USD ± 615 (90% confidence).

  12. Per capita income

    U.S. Census Bureau, 2025 ACS 1-year, B19301 ↗

    Reference period: 2025 ACS 1-year. Per capita income in the past 12 months, in 2025 inflation-adjusted dollars. Universe: total population. Sampling estimate; margin of error uses a 90% confidence level.

    Retrieved: 2026-10-31T17:12:16.6293232Z.

    Original source value: 42,485 2025 USD ± 331 (90% confidence).

  13. People below poverty level

    U.S. Census Bureau, 2025 ACS 1-year, B17001 ↗

    Reference period: 2025 ACS 1-year. People whose income in the past 12 months was below the poverty level. Universe: population for whom poverty status is determined. Sampling estimate; margin of error uses a 90% confidence level.

    Retrieved: 2026-10-31T17:12:16.8869346Z.

    Original source value: 1,437,642 people ± 34,404 (90% confidence).

  14. Population with poverty status determined

    U.S. Census Bureau, 2025 ACS 1-year, B17001 ↗

    Reference period: 2025 ACS 1-year. Denominator for the poverty count. Excludes people for whom poverty status is not determined. Sampling estimate; margin of error uses a 90% confidence level.

    Retrieved: 2026-10-31T17:12:16.8869346Z.

    Original source value: 11,598,494 people ± 6,268 (90% confidence).

  15. Poverty rate

    U.S. Census Bureau, 2025 ACS 1-year, B17001 ↗

    Reference period: 2025 ACS 1-year. Calculated as B17001_E002 / B17001_E001 × 100. Population for whom poverty status is determined. Rounded to one decimal. Source counts and their 90% margins of error are retained as separate facts; a margin of error for this derived rate has not been calculated.

    Retrieved: 2026-10-31T17:12:16.8869346Z.

    Original source value: 12.4%.

  16. Housing units

    U.S. Census Bureau, 2025 ACS 1-year, B25001 ↗

    Reference period: 2025 ACS 1-year. Total housing units, occupied and vacant. ACS estimate; not the annual Population Estimates Program housing-unit series. Sampling estimate; margin of error uses a 90% confidence level.

    Retrieved: 2026-10-31T17:12:17.0506096Z.

    Original source value: 5,367,633 housing units ± 910 (90% confidence).

Comparison
Source information
Draft edition