UNITED STATES · STATES · DRAFT
Massachusetts
MAUnited States national overview in the World Factbook ↗
DRAFT · Dated statistical and subject baseline. Figures retain their individual reference years.
Introduction
Background ⓘ
Massachusetts was one of the original thirteen states. Its colonial development included the union of Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth in 1691.
Geography
Total area ⓘ
10,554.123 square miles (27,335.053 square kilometres) (2025)
Land area ⓘ
7,800.992 square miles (20,204.477 square kilometres) (2025)
Water area ⓘ
2,753.131 square miles (7,130.577 square kilometres) (2025)
Boundaries ⓘ
Massachusetts shares boundaries with Connecticut, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont.
People
Government
Economy
Median household income ⓘ
106,539 2025 USD ± 1,459 (90% confidence) (2025)
Per capita income ⓘ
59,933 2025 USD ± 687 (90% confidence) (2025)
People below poverty level ⓘ
679,870 people ± 27,341 (90% confidence) (2025)
Population with poverty status determined ⓘ
6,916,681 people ± 3,422 (90% confidence) (2025)
Poverty rate ⓘ
9.8% (2025)
Housing
National Park Service places
Places associated with this state or territory in the NPS directory.
- Adams National Historical Park ↗
- Boston African American National Historic Site ↗
- Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area ↗
- Boston National Historical Park ↗
- Cape Cod National Seashore ↗
- Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site ↗
- John Fitzgerald Kennedy National Historic Site ↗
- Longfellow - Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site ↗
- Lowell National Historical Park ↗
- Minute Man National Historical Park ↗
- New Bedford Whaling National Historical Park ↗
- Salem Maritime National Historical Park ↗
- Saugus Iron Works National Historic Site ↗
- Springfield Armory National Historic Site ↗
Further reading
- Official government ↗
- USAFacts population profile ↗
Secondary presentation of Census data; not independent corroboration of Census estimates.
Source records
- Background
U.S. Census Bureau, Guide to 2010 State and Local Census Geography: Massachusetts ↗
Reference period: Not supplied by source.
Retrieved: 2026-10-31.
- Total area
U.S. Census Bureau, 2025 National States Gazetteer ↗
Reference period: 2025. 2025 Gazetteer geography. Land and water area in square miles, published to three decimal places. Total is calculated as land plus water; territory boundaries are statistical geography.
Retrieved: 2026-10-31T17:11:28.1089007Z.
Original source value: 10,554.123 square miles.
- Land area
U.S. Census Bureau, 2025 National States Gazetteer ↗
Reference period: 2025. 2025 Gazetteer geography. Land and water area in square miles, published to three decimal places. Total is calculated as land plus water; territory boundaries are statistical geography.
Retrieved: 2026-10-31T17:11:28.1089007Z.
Original source value: 7,800.992 square miles.
- Water area
U.S. Census Bureau, 2025 National States Gazetteer ↗
Reference period: 2025. 2025 Gazetteer geography. Land and water area in square miles, published to three decimal places. Total is calculated as land plus water; territory boundaries are statistical geography.
Retrieved: 2026-10-31T17:11:28.1089007Z.
Original source value: 2,753.131 square miles.
- Boundaries
U.S. Census Bureau, Guide to 2010 State and Local Census Geography: Massachusetts ↗
Reference period: Not supplied by source. Census Bureau bordering-state list; includes water boundaries and point contacts, where listed. The District of Columbia is a federal district.
Retrieved: 2026-10-31.
- Resident population
U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025 ↗
Reference period: 2025-07-01. July 1 resident population estimate; Vintage 2025. Includes all ages. Earlier vintages are revised by this release.
Retrieved: 2026-10-31T17:09:32.917713Z.
Original source value: 7,154,084 people.
- Resident population estimate, 2020
U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025 ↗
Reference period: 2020-07-01. July 1, 2020 resident population estimate from the same Vintage 2025 series; not the April 1 decennial census count.
Retrieved: 2026-10-31T17:09:32.917713Z.
Original source value: 6,985,320 people.
- Population change, 2020–2025
U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025 ↗
Reference period: 2020-07-01/2025-07-01. Calculated percentage change between July 1 population estimates in the same Vintage 2025 series.
Retrieved: 2026-10-31T17:09:32.917713Z.
Original source value: 2.42%.
- Capital
U.S. Census Bureau, Guide to 2010 State and Local Census Geography: Massachusetts ↗
Reference period: Not supplied by source.
Retrieved: 2026-10-31.
- Constitution ratification
U.S. Census Bureau, Guide to 2010 State and Local Census Geography: Massachusetts ↗
Reference period: Not supplied by source. Date the state ratified the United States Constitution.
Retrieved: 2026-10-31.
- Median household income
U.S. Census Bureau, 2025 ACS 1-year, B19013 ↗
Reference period: 2025 ACS 1-year. Median household income in the past 12 months, in 2025 inflation-adjusted dollars. Universe: households. Sampling estimate; margin of error uses a 90% confidence level.
Retrieved: 2026-10-31T17:12:11.8995582Z.
Original source value: 106,539 2025 USD ± 1,459 (90% confidence).
- Per capita income
U.S. Census Bureau, 2025 ACS 1-year, B19301 ↗
Reference period: 2025 ACS 1-year. Per capita income in the past 12 months, in 2025 inflation-adjusted dollars. Universe: total population. Sampling estimate; margin of error uses a 90% confidence level.
Retrieved: 2026-10-31T17:12:16.6293232Z.
Original source value: 59,933 2025 USD ± 687 (90% confidence).
- People below poverty level
U.S. Census Bureau, 2025 ACS 1-year, B17001 ↗
Reference period: 2025 ACS 1-year. People whose income in the past 12 months was below the poverty level. Universe: population for whom poverty status is determined. Sampling estimate; margin of error uses a 90% confidence level.
Retrieved: 2026-10-31T17:12:16.8869346Z.
Original source value: 679,870 people ± 27,341 (90% confidence).
- Population with poverty status determined
U.S. Census Bureau, 2025 ACS 1-year, B17001 ↗
Reference period: 2025 ACS 1-year. Denominator for the poverty count. Excludes people for whom poverty status is not determined. Sampling estimate; margin of error uses a 90% confidence level.
Retrieved: 2026-10-31T17:12:16.8869346Z.
Original source value: 6,916,681 people ± 3,422 (90% confidence).
- Poverty rate
U.S. Census Bureau, 2025 ACS 1-year, B17001 ↗
Reference period: 2025 ACS 1-year. Calculated as B17001_E002 / B17001_E001 × 100. Population for whom poverty status is determined. Rounded to one decimal. Source counts and their 90% margins of error are retained as separate facts; a margin of error for this derived rate has not been calculated.
Retrieved: 2026-10-31T17:12:16.8869346Z.
Original source value: 9.8%.
- Housing units
U.S. Census Bureau, 2025 ACS 1-year, B25001 ↗
Reference period: 2025 ACS 1-year. Total housing units, occupied and vacant. ACS estimate; not the annual Population Estimates Program housing-unit series. Sampling estimate; margin of error uses a 90% confidence level.
Retrieved: 2026-10-31T17:12:17.0506096Z.
Original source value: 3,072,185 housing units ± 162 (90% confidence).